Welcome To Flamenco Guitar Lessons
Flamenco Guitar History
Flamenco Guitar Lessons starts from explaining the history of the guitar from the ancient Roman empire, and with the Iberian peninsula developing, due to its geographical location, as the western cultural center of the cradle of empires –
Mediterranean Sea.
After culturally very fertile ancient times, until the 3rd century A.D. - central-southern Europe, or practically - today's Italy, descended into more than a 1000 years of darkness - from the 3rd all up to the 15th century. From the 6th century, Islam spread all across Northern Africa and also over Gibraltar, into Europe.
The Moors ruled southern Europe from 711th to 1490s. Unfortunately, the
Muslims were the ONLY ones that preserved the ancient Grecco Roman cultural heritage for the future - or precisely until the Renaissance. Their mathematics, astronomy, anatomy and medicine, and all other sciences were very advanced for the times. But their social standards and mutual humane understanding were
even more advanced than in many societies of today.
In the medieval Moz-Arab society the healthy social relations and cultural transfer among the generations - were the base for art development as well. During that epoch, the Arabic world extended from the very east to the most west of the Mediterranean sea. In 822nd,
a musician and a scientist called Ziryab came from ancient Baghdad to the center of Andalucia, or Granada. It was a fortress city then called
Alhambra, from which the Moors ruled the whole southern Iberia -
Andalusia. Coming from the cradle of the Islamic world to the “new conquered colonies” and with a wide variety of interests, Ziryab rapidly became a trendsetter. He was the one that is supposed to have added the 5th string to the ancient 4 strings
lute.
In the Arabic world, the artist was very well respected. The early Gypsies coming from the Punjab province in India, that started populating Iberia in the 12th century have been let to take Muslim religion. Then, as “culturally adopted”, they started inheriting and playing Moorish strings instruments and music as their own. By living the nomadic life and traveling, they were the main carriers of the essential in music legacy between the different rulers. They were the ones that captured the essence of Iberian music, passing it from the Muslims later to the Christians and of course,
adding their personal touch to it. Their preserved heritage gradually became the flamenco culture that we have today.
The Christian wars in the 15th century plunged the culture back into darkness. The old document from the PDF book is the Gaspar Sanz’s 5 string guitar, from 1674th. It shows his primitive understanding of harmony, and the construction of the 4 strings lute with added 5th bass string. After the change of power from Muslims to Christians in the 1492nd, all the remaining Gypsies, living in deserts or “sierras” - continued the same naturalization process they were on for centuries. They were the catalyst that took all that knowledge into modernity.
Thanks to the very rich strings instruments legacy, and with the slow gradual cultural development progress - the
modern guitar was able to develop in the 18th century.
The modern guitar with 6 strings and contemporary tuning with fourths and a major third, starts to appear in the second half of the 18th century, around 1780. The technical development at the times, and later the industrial revolution, allowed for more sophisticated instruments to appear. That process using a "Gypsy type strings" slowly led to the appearance of the
classical guitar on the Iberian peninsula, at the beginning of the 19th century. Although the Gypsies were playing it for themselves,
the flamenco guitar, in fact, came AFTER the classical guitar. It happened because when the Gypsies saw the classical guitar entering the high society, they immediately started accepting it as a part of their own culture.
From the beginning of the 19th century in Spain, with the classical guitar coming to the world music stage and being played more and more in the elite society, the gypsies rapidly adopted this new 6 string instrument as their own. Started populating western Europe from the east during the Moz-Arabs ruling in the 12th century, these Gypsy “guests” that remained after the 15th century Christian conquistadors in 1492. (Castilla and Toledo's alliance expelled (almost) all Jews, Arabs, and Gypsies), were still traveling nomads that were still spreading their spirit and the desire for freedom over the same Iberian peninsula.
Their nomadic freedom ideology under years of repression - created the very essence of the Flamenco culture we have today.
Once the industrial revolution distributed precision tools and standards over the planet, the more precisely crafted instruments were available for the masses, and since then – the design of the Spanish guitar didn’t change even a bit. In early flamenco records, there is no guitar mentioned, because they were just too poor to own one.
The Gypsies populating the southern Iberia never had money to obtain the metal strings for their instruments. They were forced to use the dried animal intestines for strings and first started playing on those instruments just with fingers, using the nails in a very special "rotary" way, without any bone pick. Although they were the only catalyst (Jews and Arabs were never too much inclined to flamenco) of the musical essence and all the flamenco techniques, which will definitely influence the mainstream music and the classical guitar development - the very apparition of the Spanish guitar, but the first purely
flamenco guitar, and not
classical guitar - will not appear until the middle of the 19th century. In fact, the first Flamenco Guitar Lessons were maybe started being given first only in the second half of the 20th century, The reason is the terrible reputation that the flamenco guitar had on the Iberian Peninsula. It was considered a low-class society street instrument, especially from the intentional disrespect from the white population that listened to "city music" played on bandurrias and laudes.
Also, the "elite classical guitarists" that wanted to be distinguished from any Gypsy street musicians, especially from the moment the Gypsies adopted it as their own instrument. But despite that the Gypsies were the only catalyst of the authentic Iberian sound and music,
it took quite some time, (well into the 20th century) that the white population accepts flamenco into and as their own national heritage.
Flamenco Guitar Lessons guitar playing style came from their different approaches to this newly emerged and perfected 6 string instrument. Instead of performing it plucking the strings by pulling and releasing them with the fingers (like classical guitarists, which would require a certain level of precision and fingernails hygiene); their approach to it was much cruder. They started using the whole body of the guitar as a percussion instrument, hitting the front board to create the sound and playing the “golpe” hit, paving the way for the “golpe” protection plate to appear. Every different ethnicity had its different style or "palo" of music, so today there are some 36 different
flamenco palos in existence. But the most important is that they invented a whole new technique from scratch, hitting the strings with the top of the fingernails with circular repetitive motion; using as a pivot base both the wrist and the finger base joint with the anchored thumb. Therefore creating the base of the “
Rasqueada”, as opposed to “
Punteada” guitar, (today being the flamenco and the classical guitar).
For the last 200 years, both the classical and the flamenco guitar remain literally one and the same unchanged instrument. But a huge evolution of flamenco techniques happened in the second half of the 20th century, and those flamenco techniques are still evolving..! On the other hand, the classical guitar techniques were still being strict to expand, and just as always, waiting first for some piece to be written, and then slowly that newly emerged technique after having prooved that it really elaborates certain technique and can be used as a means of expression - finally deserves its place among classical guitar heritage..?!? This system is stupid and strict where it shouldn't be if you ask me..! It is SLOWING DOWN the classical guitar development and its repertoire and making jealous all classical guitarists :)
Anyway, gracias a Dios (thank God), having some amazing artists through the last 200 years has significantly enriched the whole world’s guitar national heritage in giant steps. First in classical guitar -
Fernando Sor and
Francisco Tarrega, in the 19th century, and then, of course, the VERY IMPORTANT popularisation of the Spanish guitar of
Andres Segovia at the beginning of the 20th. And of course,
Paco De Lucia in flamenco in the 2nd half of the 20th century.
So today we have an enormously rich legacy for exploration. Trust me, I've met some seriously dedicated people. The essence of the matter remained the same, but what has changed are the craftsmanship processes, and some irrelevant stuff, like the pegs mechanism, or the “golpe” plates on the front board... Our problem today is the serious shortage of wood to build guitars. Almost all forests with 7 to 8 centuries old timbers (that are essential for hi-quality instruments) - are all gone. But that is a whole other story…